Step 1: Determination of Intent How will this image be used? What are your tolerance requirements? How will it be used? What is the actual value of Tolerance to be met. All these questions help to determine the required type of data output and Scanning Technique which achieves the desired result quickly and efficiently and above all if the scanning process is feasible compared to developing a design through a traditional CAD workflow. Step 2: Selection of Appropriate Acquisition Technology The advancements in technology over the last 20 years have brought several Scanning technologies. Below is a list of Scanning Technologies along with their strengths. Structured Light – Is typically a two-camera, stereo system. It yields clean data. Its limitations are translucency/transparency, deep colors opposing the light spectrum of the projected light and the need for both cameras to see the geometry being captured. Portable Scanning Arms – These make use of Lasers. They are fast, flexible and adaptable for various mounting conditions and scanning different surface colors. Their limitation is the length of the arm which may require multiple setups for part sizes beyond the arm’s reach. Long Range Laser Scanners – Are preferred in situations where large objects such as Air Craft need to be scanned with reasonable tolerance. CT (X-ray) – These Scanners come in play when the need obtain internal data arises. Step 3: Data Processing Once 3D geometric data (Point Cloud) has been captured, the common next step is converting the XYZ 3D data points into a polygon model. For this purpose a Software is utilized. The software connects the dots with a series of triangles to create a representative skin. There are various tools that can accomplish this goal. Most hardware suppliers provide this direct output from their scanners, others rely on third party software to run the calculations.

3D Scanning for Reverse Engineering Reverse engineering is paramount to multiple industries such as manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and in a wider sense, even areas such as healthcare. It has a broad range of applications, including product improvement and reconstruction, design augmentation and many others. The world today would not be the same without it. Creating 3D models for production based on hand measurements or 2D drawings is a financial and time burden no organization can afford. 3D scanning for reverse engineering can do in hours what traditional methods can take weeks to accomplish. The output can either be 100% accurate to the physical part’s dimensions (as-built), or it can reflect the part’s intended design (design-intent). The resulting files can be delivered in any required CAD or graphic format and be used for inspection, mold and pattern making, tool path creation, tooling verification or additive manufacturing and 3D printing. The process of 3D Scanning for reverse engineering purposes yields a variety of outputs of which some are discussed below.

Drought and heat stress highly affect yield in wheat and other crops around the world. Thus, genes that respond to these stresses are important in developing plants that can withstand such environments. In a gene expression study by researchers from China Agricultural University, the gene TaPEPKR2 from the wheat variety TAM107 is found to be responsive to heat and drought stress and can be found in chromosome number 5B of wheat.

የኢትዮጵያ ባዮቴክኖሎጂ ኢንስቲትዩቱ በአዋጅ የተሰጡትን ሃላፊነቶች ለመወጣት ተግቶ እየሰራ ይገኛል፡፡ ነገርግን ተያያዥነት ያላቸው ጥያቄዎችን ለምታነሱ የማበራዊ ድህረ ገጾቻችን ተጠቃሚዎች ተቋሙ ሁሌም የምታነሱትን ጥያቄ ትኩረት የሚሰጥ ሲሆን ተያያዥነት ያላቸውን ጥያቄዎች ብቻ ለመጠየቅ ይረዳችሁ ዘንድ ተቋሙ በሚንስትሮች ምክር ቤት ደንብ ቁጥር 388/2008 መሰረት የተቋቋመበትን ዋና አላማ እና የተሰጠውን ስልጠንና ተግባር እያሳወቅን እሰከ አሁን የተነሱ ሃሳቦችን ጠቅለል አርገን ምላሽ ለመስጠት እንወዳለን ፡፡

The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences with its headquarters in Beijing, China and the Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, Addis Ababa confirmed to establish bilateral collaboration in education and research, in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit. Both parties signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in order to promote the advancement of scholarship and learning, and to strengthen the friendship between the people of the two countries today. The MoU was signed in the presence of Dr. Kassahun Tesfaye, Director General for Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute and Professor Wang Chunxia Vice president, of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), as well as In witness of Professor Wang Xunqing Director for International Education Office GSCAAS and Deputy Director General Of Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute Mr Tewodros Bekele on Behafe of their Respective Institutions.